SPLINE INTERPOLATION FOR BUILDING THREE-DIMENSIONAL BATHYMETRIC MODELS AT CHARTING INLAND WATERWAYS

A modified method for compiling electronic navigational charts of the Russian Federation inland waterways is proposed in the paper. This method allows to significantly speed up the process by means of automated construction of digital terrain models of the bottom relief. The aim of the method is to reduce costs associated with creating and maintaining an up-to-date collection of electronic navigational charts at cartography departments and offices of the inland waterways Administrations. A continuous survey grid is required to build a digital terrain model of the bottom relief. Such a grid can be obtained using a multibeam echo sounder. However, inland waterway hydrographic operations are mainly conducted with single beam echo sounders. Depth values obtained from surveying with a single beam echo sounder always form an irregular grid. The frequency of depths measured in this way does not allow building three-dimensional models. Therefore, it is necessary to mathematically complete the relief of the waterway bottom. The densification of the depth grid can be done using mathematical interpolation. The methods of interpolation implemented in cartographic and geoinformation software, as well as methods used by cartographers when working manually are analyzed. The analysis has showed that an irregular grid is always used when working manually. As for the software, only interpolation methods based on calculations performed with a regular grid are used, since these methods are easier to implement and require less computing power. The downside is that these methods lead to significant errors. To build three-dimensional bathymetric models with the smallest deviation from the true values, the method of biquadratic spline interpolation on an irregular grid is proposed. Digital terrain models of the bottom relief are proposed to be used for inland waterway cartography to automatically place isobaths, simplify the placement of fairways, and provide additional visual control of the quality of survey work.

electronic navigational chart, inland waterways, accuracy of depths values, digital terrain model, interpolation, spline interpolation, irregular grid, unmanned navigation

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