Prospects for the use of electric cylinders in lifting and transport equipment

Based on an analysis of scientific publications, this review article substantiates the need to implement effective technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide, which have a detrimental impact on global climate change. Particular attention is given to the negative environmental effects of lifting and transport equipment and terminal tractors used at large terminals. It is noted that, in this context, terminal operators are increasingly adopting hybrid engines, environmentally friendly fuels, or electrically powered equipment. Evidence is presented that the transition to lifting and transport equipment powered by electric energy sources can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions during port operations but, due to the simpler mechanical design of electric drives, also improve equipment uptime and lower maintenance costs. In addition to replacing internal combustion engines, it is necessary to modernize hydraulic systems — particularly in reach stackers, which are among the most complex types of handling equipment (the hydraulic systems of reach stackers contain approximately 800 liters of hydraulic fluid). It is proposed to replace hydraulic cylinders, which are the main consumers of hydraulic energy during cargo handling operations, with electric cylinders. These components are comparable in operational loads to hydraulic cylinders; moreover, when internal combustion engines are replaced by battery systems, the total cost of ownership is reduced and positioning accuracy is improved.

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