Analysis of regulatory documentation on seaports design in terms of technological processes automation at container terminals

Seaports occupy one of the leading places in the foreign trade turnover of Russia. It is emphasized that the strategy of maritime activity of the Russian Federation provides for an increase in competitiveness through the modernization of existing and the construction of new terminals and seaports, which will give impetus to the development of ports and container terminals. The process of determining the port specialization and organizing its work, which is one of the initial stages for the planning process of the port construction or reconstruction, is investigated. The factors influencing not only economic and financial decisions, but also the introduction of information technologies that contribute to the automation of technological processes of the port, are also investigated. It is noted that new technologies have found application in ports where the production of loading and unloading operations is a repetitive process that can be modeled and programmed. It is indicated that most of the technological operations for the production of loading and unloading operations on modern lifting and transport equipment are automated, which increases the port efficiency, but not all ports can be automated, this is due to the possibility of accounting and control of the cargo unit, its location and shelf life, as well as identification. At terminals specializing in the bulk cargo transshipment, there are no such tasks for the management of lifting and transport equipment as at container terminals and terminals for the transshipment of bulk cargo and liquefied natural gas, which are initially automated. Automation is incorporated into the project during the construction of a new or reconstruction of an existing port or container terminal. The main documents that guide designers in the development of the project have been analyzed. Among them are “Set of rules 316.1325800.2017. Container terminals. Regulations of projecting”, “Set of rules 350.1326000.2018. Norms for technological design of sea ports” and “Set of rules 262.1325800.2016. Container yard and terminal devices in industrial and transport manufacture. Terms of design and construction”. They are obsolete and do not reflect modern requirements for technological processes. Special attention is paid to the fact that modern documents meeting the latest technological and technical requirements are necessary for the design of modern ports and terminals.

1. Strategii razvitiya morskoi deyatel’nosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii do 2030 goda. Web. 16 Dec. 2022 <http://government.ru/docs/37755/>.

2. Strategiya razvitiya morskoi portovoi infrastruktury Rossii do 2030 goda. M., 2015. Web. 2 Jan. 2023 <https://www.rosmorport.ru/media/File/seastrategy/strategy_150430.pdf>.

3. Zub, Igor V., Yurii E. Ezhov, and Tatjana S. Angolenko. “Information systems as a tool for improving the seaports productivity.” Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 14.2 (2022): 218–229. DOI: 10.21821/2309-5180-2022-14-2-218-229.

4. Groshev, Gennady M., Nadezhda V. Klimova, Anton V. Sugorovsky, Alexander D. Manakov, and Peter Ye. Bulavsky. “Automation of information support independent participants of multimodal transportation of containers in sea port and transport hub.” Transport automation research 4.3 (2018): 315–332.

5. Strelnikov, D.D., and I. A. Strelnikova. “Vector of development of Russian seaports.” Ekspluatatsiya morskogo transporta 3(100) (2021): 55–59.

6. Set of rules 316.1325800.2017. Container terminals. Regulations of projecting. M.: Standartinform, 2018.

7. Set of rules 350.1326000.2018. Norms for technological design of sea ports. M.: Standartinform, 2018.

8. Set of rules 262.1325800.2016. Container yard and terminal devices in industrial and transport manufacture. Terms of design and construction. M.: Standartinform, 2017.

9. Notteboom, Theo, Athanasios Pallis, and Jean-Paul Rodrigue. Port Economics, Management and Policy. Routledge, 2022.

10. Kim, Bokyung, Geunsub Kim, and Moohong Kang. “Study on Comparing the Performance of Fully Automated Container Terminals during the COVID‑19 Pandemic.” Sustainability 14.15 (2022): 9415. DOI: 10.3390/su14159415.

11. Muzlova, G. “Osobennosti avtomatizatsii portovykh terminalov v Rossii.” Morskie porty 9(130) (2014): 46–49.

12. Vasin, Andrei V., Dmitrii S. Zakharov, and Leonid V. Annenkov. “Modeling the optimal seaport configuration.” Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 11.4 (2019): 662–669. DOI: 10.21821/2309-5180-2019-11-4-662-669.

13. Kuznetsov, Aleksandr L., Aleksandr V. Kirichenko, and Victoria N. Shcherbakova-Slyusarenko. “The directions of the transport industry digitalization.” Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 10.6 (2018): 1179–1190. DOI: 10.21821/2309-5180-2018-10-6-1179-1190.

14. RD 31.3.05–97. Normy tekhnologicheskogo proektirovaniya morskikh portov. M., 1998.

15. Tsifrovye resheniya dlya raboty sukhikh portov. Web. 3 Jan. 2023 <https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%202020%5B11970%5D.pdf>.

16. Container Port Automation: Impacts and Implications. Web. 7 Jan. 2023 <https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/container-port-automation.pdf>.

17. “Sensors in the Rotterdam container terminal by Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Biniasch.”Port strategy. Web. 3 Jan. 2023 <https://www.portstrategy.com/ps-directory/ifm-electronic/sensors-in-the-rotterdam-container-terminal-bydipl-ing-andreas-biniasch/1468290.supplierarticle>.

18. “Autonomous truck first.” Port strategy. Web. 3 Jan. 2023 <https://www.portstrategy.com/news/autonomoustruck-first/1479204.article>.

19. Tebekin, A., E. Anisimov, P. Tebekin, and A. Egorova. “Analysis of signs of the industrial revolution in the Industry 4.0 initiative.” Transport business of Russia 2 (2021): 13–21. DOI: 10.52375/20728689_2021_2_13.

20. Shushunova, T., V. Vakulenko, A. Samorokov, and K. Lashmankina. “The impact of the aggression of global challenges on the strategy of the digital transformation of school-intensive industries.” Transport business of Russia 1 (2022): 131–133. DOI: 10.52375/20728689_2022_1_131.

21. Gekara, Victor Oyaro, and Xuan-Vi Thanh Nguyen. “Challenges of implementing container terminal operating system: The case of the port of Mombasa from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) perspective.” Journal of International Logistics and Trade 18.1 (2020): 49–60. DOI: 10.24006/jilt.2020.18.1.049.