PERSPECTIVES OF USING THE STATIC ELECTRIC POWER SOURCES ON SHIPS WITH ELECTRIC PROPULSION PLANTS

It is noted that to date the electric power sources based on heat engines and rotating electrical machines, first of all diesel-generators, have received the most wide spread in the marine fleet. Tightening the environmental requirements and increasing the fuel prices in the recent years condition the necessity and expediency of searching for alternative kinds of electric power sources that can be used as the main ones including on ships with electric propulsion plants. The feasibility of using the static electric power sources for above mentioned purpose is researched in the paper. The types are considered, the principle of operation is described, the advantages, disadvantages and scope are listed for the following types of static electric power sources: accumulator batteries based on a new element base, supercapacitors, solar batteries, fuel cells, direct heat conversion generators. The choice of a source type is determined by the operation modes for which it is intended, and by the power of the supplied electrical consumers. Electric power sources of new generation can be used in buffer mode or in autonomous mode as the main electric power source. The use of static electric power sources in the buffer operation mode can significantly reduce the fuel consumption of electric propulsion plants in the dynamic modes, including on icebreakers and ice-going vessels during moving in ice or on waving. In this case saving is achieved by absorbing the excess energy during braking of an electric propulsion motor and its subsequent release during acceleration. Application in the second operation mode is especially relevant in connection with the tightening the environmental requirements for marine vessels. Switching the main generators off and transition to supplying from static electric power sources can reduce harmful emissions to the atmosphere and the overall level of underwater noise emitted by the vessel, which is important in biological and geophysical researches. The composition and structure of a typical circuit design solution for a ship electric power system built using the static electric power sources of new generation are given in the paper. It is concluded that the introduction of static electric power sources of new generation lets to optimize operating modes and increase the structural flexibility of the electric power installation, reduce the consumption of fuels and lubricants, increase the reliability and service life of drive engines of generating sets, reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and also increase propulsive power in full speed modes.

static electric power source, accumulator battery, charge, li-ion accumulator battery, supercapacitor, solar battery, direct heat conversion generator, fuel cell, ship electric power system, electric propulsion plant

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