THE USE OF FUEL CELLS IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF WATER TRANSPORT

The subject of this study is the analysis of the possibilities for further growth of the energy efficiency of marine power plants through the use of the fuel cells concept. It is noted that the increase in the efficiency of modern power plants using heat engines is constrained by the limitations imposed on their efficiency coefficient (efficiency) by Carnot’s theorem. Currently, the prospects for increasing the efficiency of piston engines, as the main sources of energy in marine power plants, are considered as practically exhausted. In this regard, an urgent task of improvement is the search for new technical solutions that do not fall under the mentioned restrictions, which, in particular, leads to the concept of fuel elements (TE). Fuel cell technologies, unlike heat engines, use the other ways of converting the latent energy of fuel and fundamentally allow us to reach a new level of energy efficiency with an increase in efficiency by 10 % or more. The main advantages and disadvantages of the main types of fuel and energy sources and the possibility of their use as the major sources of energy in shipbuilding are considered in the paper. The most promising types of fuel cells for marine use are identified, their investment attractiveness is determined. The special attention is paid to the problems of using and storing the main fuel for thermal power plants, which is hydrogen. On the basis of the developed technologies for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the comparison of individual, most significant in operation properties of hydrogen with the properties of LNG is made. The potential risks arising from the use of hydrogen as the main fuel on ships are assessed. Based on the examples of the developed projects of power plants with fuel cells, conclusions about the prospects of using fuel cells in shipbuilding are made.

marine power plant, energy efficiency, fuel cells, hydrogen fuel, prospects for use

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