Amplitude-frequency characteristic of ship rolling based on data obtained during a voyage

A method for the experimental determination of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of ship rolling directly during an operational voyage is presented, taking into account the actual voyage loading condition, vessel condition, and actual hydrometeorological environment. The methodological basis comprises three successive stages: instrumental recording and spectral processing of the roll record with correction for the mean wind-induced heel; obtaining the total wave spectrum by combining data obtained from radar image processing with low-frequency swell detected through the frequency invariant of rolling and associated with remote cyclonic systems, information on which can be obtained from synoptic charts; and calculation of the amplitude-frequency characteristic from the ratio of the roll and wave spectra, followed by generalization of partial characteristics for different heading angles. The method was tested using voyage data from a vessel of the Sokol design off the coast of Kamchatka under significant wave conditions with several wave systems, including detected swell from a tropical cyclone. The partial amplitude-frequency characteristics obtained for three heading angles show invariance in the frequency positions of their maxima despite substantial differences in their amplitude values, indicating the high sensitivity of the method to the accuracy of approximation procedures. The proposed procedure for arithmetic averaging of the amplitude-frequency characteristic over a set of heading angles proved valid in verification roll prediction: the frequency composition is reproduced adequately, while the differences between predicted and actual amplitudes do not exceed three degrees and are considerably smaller than the scatter of the maxima of the partial amplitudefrequency characteristics. Alternative generalization methods, including heading-specific extrema and weightedaverage estimates, are discussed, and reducing the dependence of the results on spectral approximation parameters is identified as a priority for further improvement of the method.

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