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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2026-18-2-171-189</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BBZEUF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-716</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА, ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ СООБЩЕНИЯ И ГИДРОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование данных автоматической идентификационной системы для определения углеродного следа от судоходства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using automatic identification system data to determine the carbon footprint of shipping</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реуцкий</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reutskii</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Реуцкий, кандидат технических наук</p><p>191181; Миллионная ул., 7А; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Reutskii, PhD in Technical Sciences</p><p>191186; 7A Millionnaya Str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">reutskii.as@rs-class.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольховик</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ol᾿khovik</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Олегович Ольховик, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>198035; ул. Двинская, 5/7; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy O. Ol’khovik, Grand PhD in Technical Sciences, Professor</p><p>198035; 5/7 Dvinskaya Str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olhovikeo@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский морской регистр судоходства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Maritime Register of Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Реуцкий А.С., Ольховик Е.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Реуцкий А.С., Ольховик Е.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reutskii A.S., Ol᾿khovik E.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/716">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/716</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье выполнен комплексный анализ международных нормативных инструментов декарбонизации морского транспорта, разработанных Международной морской организацией (ИМО): Energy Efficiency Design Index, Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index, Carbon Intensity Indicator, Energy Efficiency Operational Index и Greenhouse Gases Fuel Intensity в целях разработки методов и моделей по использованию данных автоматической идентификационной системы для определения углеродного следа от судоходства, на примере Финского залива Балтийского моря. Рассмотрены мотивационные составляющие их введения, области применения, объекты регулирования и принципы расчета. Выявлены фундаментальные ограничения существующей нормативной базы: проектный и интегральный характер индексов, ограниченная номенклатура парниковых газов, отсутствие пространственной привязки и зависимость от самодекларируемых данных. Обоснована необходимость дополнения регуляторных механизмов независимыми расчетными методиками оценки выбросов на основе данных автоматической идентификационной системы. Подробно рассмотрена модель Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model как пример инструмента геофизического моделирования, позволяющего осуществлять непрерывный пространственно-распределенный мониторинг выбросов парниковых газов (CO2, CH4, N2O), а также NOx, SOx, твердых частиц, черного углерода и летучих органических соединений. Представлены результаты разработки и апробации программного обеспечения для сбора и анализа АИС-данных в акватории Балтийского моря, включая визуализацию маршрутов и картографирование интенсивности углеродного следа. Предложена динамическая модель расчета выбросов, учитывающая географию района, сопротивление воды, ветра, волнения и льда, а также нелинейную зависимость удельного расхода топлива от нагрузки судовой энергетической установки.</p><p>   Сделан вывод о необходимости институционализации АИС-методик в качестве инструмента объективного контроля, верификации отчетности и обеспечения экологической безопасности на акваториях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of international regulatory instruments for the decarbonisation of maritime transport developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), including the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI), and Greenhouse Gas Fuel Intensity (GFI), with the aim of developing methods and models for the use of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to determine the carbon footprint of shipping, using the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea as a case study. The study examines the drivers behind the introduction of these instruments, their scope of application, regulatory targets, and calculation principles. Fundamental limitations of the existing regulatory framework are identified, including the design-based and aggregated nature of the indices, the limited range of greenhouse gases considered, the absence of spatial attribution, and reliance on self-reported data. The necessity of supplementing regulatory mechanisms with independent computational methodologies for emission assessment based on AIS data is substantiated. Particular attention is given to the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) as an example of a geophysical modelling tool enabling continuous, spatially resolved monitoring of emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), as well as NOx, SOx, particulate matter, black carbon, and volatile organic compounds. The paper presents the results of the development and validation of software for the collection and analysis of AIS data in the Baltic Sea region, including route visualisation and mapping of carbon footprint intensity. A dynamic emission calculation model is proposed, accounting for regional geographical characteristics, hydrodynamic resistance (water, wind, waves, and ice), and the nonlinear dependence of specific fuel consumption on engine load.</p><p>   It is concluded that AIS-based methodologies should be institutionalised as a tool for objective monitoring, verification of reporting, and ensuring environmental safety in maritime areas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>декарбонизация</kwd><kwd>Energy Efficiency Design Index</kwd><kwd>Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index</kwd><kwd>Carbon Intensity Indicator</kwd><kwd>Energy Efficiency Operational Index</kwd><kwd>Greenhouse Gases Fuel Intensity</kwd><kwd>парниковые газы</kwd><kwd>автоматическая идентификационная система</kwd><kwd>Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model</kwd><kwd>углеродный след</kwd><kwd>верификация выбросов</kwd><kwd>пространственный мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>decarbonisation</kwd><kwd>Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)</kwd><kwd>Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI)</kwd><kwd>Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII)</kwd><kwd>Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI)</kwd><kwd>Greenhouse Gas Fuel Intensity (GFI)</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gases</kwd><kwd>Automatic Identification System (AIS)</kwd><kwd>Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM)</kwd><kwd>carbon footprint</kwd><kwd>emissions verification</kwd><kwd>spatial monitoring</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Maritime Organization. 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