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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2025-17-6-832-845</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DWVUYP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА, ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ СООБЩЕНИЯ И ГИДРОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор подходов проверки знаний членов экипажей морских судов при обучении с помощью использования технологий виртуальной реальности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A review of approaches to assessing the knowledge of seagoing crew members in training using virtual reality technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Владимир Николаевич — кандидат военных наук, директор института «Морская Академия» </p><p>198035, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sokolov Vladimir N. — PhD in Military Sciences, Director</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokolovvn@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маринич</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marinich</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маринич Александр Николаевич — кандидат военных наук, доцент</p><p>198035, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marinich Alexander N. — PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor </p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amarinich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буцанец</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butsanets</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буцанец Артем Александрович — кандидат технических наук, начальник отдела НТИ и ИС</p><p>198035, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butsanets, Artem A. — PhD in Technical Sciences, Head of the Department</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">butsanetsaa@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>832</fpage><lpage>845</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколов В.Н., Маринич А.Н., Буцанец А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколов В.Н., Маринич А.Н., Буцанец А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolov V.N., Marinich A.N., Butsanets A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/653">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/653</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье выполнен обзор современных подходов к оценке знаний членов экипажей морских судов в процессе обучения с использованием технологий виртуальной, дополненной и смешанной реальности. Проанализирована эволюция образовательных систем в морской отрасли, обусловленная развитием судового оборудования и требованиями международных стандартов, таких как Конвенция ПДМНВ ИМО. Особое внимание уделено влиянию пандемии COVID-19 на внедрение дистанционных технологий, при этом отмечены преимущества технологий виртуальной реальности для иммерсивного обучения, повышения безопасности и эффективности подготовки. Целью работы является описание результатов прикладных исследований по государственному заданию по теме «Разработка цифровых моделей навигационного оборудования с использованием технологий виртуальной реальности». Объектом исследования является образовательный процесс подготовки плавсостава, предметом — цифровые 3D-модели навигационных устройств, процедуры их эксплуатации и обслуживания, а также учебно-методическое обеспечение. Описаны ключевые подходы к оценке: погружающие симуляции, интерактивные задания, анализ поведения с использованием биометрии и искусственного интеллекта, совместная оценка в многопользовательских сессиях, адаптивные системы. Приведена классификация методов оценки по видам компетенций (когнитивный, психомоторный, аффективный). Предлагается трехэтапная система представления материала и оценки уровня знаний (обязательный, желательный, дополнительный уровни) с отказом от традиционных экзаменов в пользу непрерывного контроля с помощью использования технологий виртуальной реальности. Отмечается, что за период 2022–2025 гг. разработано десять цифровых моделей устройств (магнитный компас, РЛС, ГНСС и др.), интегрированных на виртуальный навигационный мостик. Указаны преимущества технологий виртуальной реальности для объективной оценки знаний и навыков судоводителей и существующие проблемы. Рекомендуется создание базы данных, видеоуроков и справочных систем для более интенсивного обучения, направленного на повышение качества подготовки членов экипажей судов с помощью цифровизации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents a review of modern approaches to assessing the knowledge of seagoing crew members in the course of training using virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. The evolution of educational systems in the maritime industry is analyzed in relation to the development of shipboard equipment and the requirements of international regulatory instruments, in particular the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW Convention) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Special attention is paid to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of distance learning technologies, emphasizing the advantages of VR-based solutions for immersive training, enhanced safety, and improved training effectiveness. The purpose of the study is to present the results of applied research conducted under a state-funded project entitled “Development of Digital Models of Navigational Equipment Using Virtual Reality Technologies.” The object of the study is the educational process of training seagoing personnel, while the subject includes digital three-dimensional models of navigational devices, procedures for their operation and technical maintenance, as well as educational and methodological support. The methods and materials section describes key approaches to knowledge assessment, including immersive simulations, interactive tasks, behavioral analysis based on biometric data and artificial intelligence tools, collaborative assessment in multi-user virtual environments, and adaptive assessment systems. The results and discussion propose a classification of assessment methods according to competency types (cognitive, psychomotor, and affective). A three-stage system for presenting learning material and assessing knowledge levels (mandatory, desirable, and optional) is proposed, with a shift away from traditional examinations toward continuous monitoring using virtual reality technologies. Over the period from 2022 to 2025, ten digital models of navigational devices, including a magnetic compass, radar, and GNSS equipment, were developed and integrated into a virtual navigation bridge. The article highlights the advantages of virtual reality technologies for the objective assessment of navigators’ knowledge and skills, while also identifying existing challenges. The creation of databases, video tutorials, and reference systems is recommended to support more intensive and effective training. The study contributes to improving the quality of crew training through the digitalization of maritime education.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>дополненная реальность</kwd><kwd>смешанная реальность</kwd><kwd>оценка знаний</kwd><kwd>обучение экипажей</kwd><kwd>морские суда</kwd><kwd>навигационное оборудование</kwd><kwd>цифровые модели</kwd><kwd>иммерсивные симуляции</kwd><kwd>виртуальный мостик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>virtual reality</kwd><kwd>augmented reality</kwd><kwd>mixed reality</kwd><kwd>knowledge assessment</kwd><kwd>crew training</kwd><kwd>seagoing vessels</kwd><kwd>navigational equipment</kwd><kwd>digital models</kwd><kwd>immersive simulations</kwd><kwd>competencies</kwd><kwd>STCW Convention</kwd><kwd>IMO</kwd><kwd>adaptive assessment</kwd><kwd>behavioral analysis</kwd><kwd>virtual navigation bridge</kwd><kwd>technical maintenance.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хачатурова С. 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