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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2024-16-6-910-934</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-525</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА, ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ СООБЩЕНИЯ И ГИДРОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генерализация изображения подводного рельефа методом сплайновой аппроксимации на векторной электронной карте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Generalization of the underwater relief image using the spline approximation method on a vector electronic chart</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ююкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuyukin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ююкин Игорь Викторович — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>198035, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuyukin, Igor V. — PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uukiniv@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>910</fpage><lpage>934</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ююкин И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ююкин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuyukin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/525">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/525</self-uri><abstract><p>Особое внимание в работе уделено необходимости обоснованной генерализации, направленной на адекватное отображение характерных особенностей профиля рельефа морского дна в соответствии с принципом навигационной изоповерхности при электронной визуализации подводного рельефа. Предполагается, что как результат генерализации рельефа дна непосредственно могут быть использованы изобаты, поскольку они представляют собой следы сечения профиля подводного рельефа горизонтальными плоскостями. Выдвинута гипотеза о применимости В-сплайновой аппроксимации для моделирования без опасной изобаты с целью эффективной реализации практической гарантии от посадки судна на мель. Апробирована модификация изобаты на основе управления плавностью сконструированной кривой в виде изгибания змеевидной В-сплайновой структуры. Выполнен анализ оптимальности конфигурирования В-сплайнов на различном типе носителей с определением предпочтения кубическому случаю. Спрямление безопасной изобаты акцентируется на локальной деформации при сохранении стратегических описательных характеристик эмпирической кривой. Обосновано использование процедуры сглаживания на глубокой стороне безопасной изобаты при условии искусственного сохранения базисных точек синтезированной кривой. Приведены данные авторского вычислительного эксперимента точности расчета кубическими В-сплайнами с результатом на два порядка выше теоретически прогнозируемой. Отмечается, что технологии автоматизированной обработки результатов батиметрической съемки не заменяют человеческий фактор, но дают потенциал раскрыть новые когнитивные возможности эксперта при переходе от литографских изданий к цифровым картографическим продуктам. Арсенал базисной кусочной аппроксимации интерпретируется как вариативность модели аддитивной B-сплайновой нейронной сети для обеспечения стимула к применению искусственного интеллекта для обобщения контурных линий морской тематики. Подчеркивается, что сплайновая технология по своей математической архитектуре в принципе лишена вычислительной проблемы размерности, что служит дополнительным фактором для применения кусочной аппроксимации при решении сложных навигационных задач.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Special attention is paid to the need for reasonable generalization aimed at adequately displaying the characteristic features of the seabed relief profile in accordance with the principle of navigational isosurface in electronic visualization of underwater relief. It is assumed that as a result of generalization of the bottom relief, safety contours can be extracted directly, since they represent traces of a cross-section of the profile of the underwater relief with horizontal planes. A hypothesis has been put forward on the applicability of the B-spline approximation for modeling a safety contour in order to effectively implement a practical guarantee against grounding a ship. A modification of the safety contour based on the control of the smoothness of the constructed curve in the form of bending of a serpentine B-spline structure has been tested. An analysis of the optimality of configuring B-splines on a variable type of supports is carried out with the determination of preference for the cubic case. The straightening of the safety contour focuses on local deformation while maintaining strategic descriptive characteristics. The use of the smoothing procedure on the deep side of the safety contour is justified, provided that the basis points of the synthesized curve are artificially preserved. The data of the author’s computational experiment on the accuracy of calculation by cubic B-splines with a result two orders of magnitude higher than theoretically predicted are presented. It is noted that the technologies of automated processing of bathymetric survey results do not replace the human factor, but provide the potential to unlock new cognitive capabilities of an expert in the transition from lithographic publications to digital cartographic products. The arsenal of basic piecewise approximation is interpreted as the variability of the model of an additive B-spline neural network to provide an incentive for the use of artificial intelligence to generalize contour lines of marine subjects. It is emphasized that the spline technology, by its mathematical architecture, is basically devoid of the computational problem of dimensionality, which serves as an additional factor for the use of piecewise approximation in solving complex navigation tasks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>навигационная изоповерхность</kwd><kwd>генерализация подводного рельефа</kwd><kwd>змеевидная В-сплайновая структура</kwd><kwd>спрямление безопасной изобаты</kwd><kwd>процедура сглаживания</kwd><kwd>B-сплайновая нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>проблема размерности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>navigational isosurface</kwd><kwd>generalization of the underwater relief</kwd><kwd>snake B-spline structure</kwd><kwd>straightening of a safety contour</kwd><kwd>smoothing procedure</kwd><kwd>B-spline neural network</kwd><kwd>the problem of dimension</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костенич А. 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