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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2024-16-4-604-619</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ И ПРОИЗВОДСТВАМИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AUTOMATION AND CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование некоторых вопросов автоматизации элементов терминальных комплексов по перегрузке крупнотоннажных контейнеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of some issues of automation of elements of terminal complexes for transshipment of large-capacity containers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуб</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zub</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуб Игорь Васильевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>198035, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zub, Igor V. — PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ежов</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ezhov</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ежов Юрий Евгеньевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>198035, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ezhov, Yurii E. — PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ezhovye@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchemelev</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щемелев Виктор Леонидович — аспирант</p><p>Научный руководитель: Ежов Юрий Евгеньевич — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>198035, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shchemelev, Viktor L. — Postgraduate</p><p>Supervisor: Ezhov, Yurii E. — PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaf_texp@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>604</fpage><lpage>619</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зуб И.В., Ежов Ю.Е., Щемелев В.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зуб И.В., Ежов Ю.Е., Щемелев В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zub I.V., Ezhov Y.E., Shchemelev V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/489">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/489</self-uri><abstract><p>Темой работы является исследование причин повышения эффективности использования морских контейнерных перевозок во всей цепочке поставок. Отмечается, что рост их эффективности объясняется возможностью перевозки различных видов груза, скоростью обработки транспортных средств, а также компактностью хранения и сохранности груза. Сформулирована существующая в настоящее время решаемая операторами контейнерных терминалов проблема увеличения судозаходов на условиях судоходных компаний, позволяющая минимизировать время стоянки судов в порту под обработкой, что в свою очередь может быть достигнуто за счет увеличения пропускной способности судов. Обращается внимание на то, что снижение затрат за счет повышения эффективности работы подъемно-транспортного оборудования стимулирует инвестиции в системы автоматизации практически всех процессов терминальной деятельности, и в частности в системы подъемно-транспортного оборудования. Подчеркивается, что процесс автоматизации контейнерных терминалов различается в зависимости от поставленной задачи: рассматривается новый проект или выполняются работы по автоматизации уже действующего терминала. Внедрение автоматизации на действующих терминалах является более сложной задачей из-за проблем совместимости с выполняемыми видами деятельности и устойчивости к происходящим изменениям, которые в первую очередь затрагивают систематические и повторяющиеся технологические процессы, которые могут быть запрограммированы. Обращается внимание на то, что на контейнерных терминалах применяются новейшие операционные системы для контроля и оптимизации перемещения контейнеров внутри складской зоны (в частности, их используют на терминалах, где применяются козловые краны на пневмоходу (RTG) и на рельсовом ходу (RMG)), а также подчеркивается, что при работе по RTG-технологии козловые краны на пневмоходу оснащаются датчиками, связанными со спутниковыми системами позиционирования, которые размещены по площади терминала и на колесных телегах и подводятся к месту грузовой операции по сигналам с диспетчерского пункта, при этом докер-механизатор осуществляет управление только при опускании или подъеме контейнера. Такие информационные системы также используются на терминалах, работающих по RMG-технологии. Отмечается, что автоматизация причальных контейнерных кранов находится в настоящее время в стадии разработки, так как сложность ее реализации заключается в том, что во время качки судно имеет крен и деферент, поэтому при его перемещении затруднено определение точного местоположения контейнера и совмещение горизонта спредера с горизонтом контейнера, в итоге процесс наведения требует дополнительных затрат времени, что приводит к снижению производительности работ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The topic of the work is the study of the reasons for increasing the efficiency of the use of marine container transportation in the entire supply chain. It is noted that the increase in their efficiency is explained by the possibility of transporting various types of cargo, the speed of handling vehicles, as well as the compactness of storage and safety of cargo. The problem of increasing ship capacity on the terms of shipping companies, which currently exists and is being solved by container terminal operators, has been formulated, which allows minimizing the time of ships parking in the port for processing, which in turn can be achieved by increasing the capacity of ships. Attention is drawn to the fact that reducing costs by increasing the efficiency of lifting and transport equipment stimulates investments in automation systems for almost all terminal operations, and in particular in lifting and transport equipment systems. It is emphasized that the automation process of container terminals differs depending on the task at hand (a new project is being considered or work is being carried out to automate an existing terminal). The implementation of automation at existing terminals is a more difficult task due to the problems of compatibility with the types of activities performed and resistance to ongoing changes, which primarily involve systematic and repetitive technological processes that can be programmed. Attention is drawn to the fact that container terminals use the latest operating systems to control and optimize the movement of containers inside the warehouse area (in particular, they are used at terminals where gantry cranes on a pneumatic (RTG) and on a rail (RMG) are used), and it is also emphasized that when working with RTG technology gantry cranes on a pneumatic vehicle are equipped with sensors connected to satellite positioning systems, which are located on the terminal area and on wheeled carts and are brought to the place of cargo operation by signals from the control room, at the same time, the dock operator controls only when lowering or lifting the container. Such information systems are also used on terminals operating using RMG technology. It is noted that automation of berthing container cranes is currently under development, since the complexity of its implementation lies in the fact that during pitching the vessel has a roll and a deflector, therefore, when moving it, it is difficult to determine the exact location of the container and the alignment of the spreader horizon with the container horizon, as a result, the guidance process? It requires additional time, which leads to a decrease in work productivity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контейнерный терминал</kwd><kwd>автоматизация контейнерных кранов</kwd><kwd>подъемно-транспортное оборудование</kwd><kwd>технологические процессы</kwd><kwd>автоматические системы управления</kwd><kwd>местоположение контейнера</kwd><kwd>дополнительные затраты времени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>automation of container cranes</kwd><kwd>lifting and transport equipment</kwd><kwd>technological processes</kwd><kwd>automatic control systems</kwd><kwd>container location</kwd><kwd>additional time costs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghiara H. Port activity and technical efficiency: determinants and external factors / H. Ghiara, A. Tei // Maritime Policy &amp; Management. — 2021. — Vol. 48. — Is. 5. — Pp. 711–724. 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