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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2024-16-3-421-443</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-467</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эксплуатация водного транспорта, водные пути сообщения и гидрография</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реализация плавности конфигурации сплайн-траектории для своевременного уклонения от запретных районов плавания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Realization of the smoothness of spline trajectory configuration for avoidance of nogo areas in due time</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ююкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuyukin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ююкин Игорь Викторович — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>198035, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuyukin, Igor V. — PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uukiniv@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>421</fpage><lpage>443</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ююкин И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ююкин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuyukin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/467">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/467</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрено конфигурирование сплайн-траектории с интеграцией критерия гладкости в оптимизацию пути при следовании морского подвижного объекта в заданном направлении с учетом ограничительных навигационных препятствий. Плавность траектории исследована в качестве использования возможности уклонения от запретного района плавания за счет организации вариативной гибкости сплайновой конструкции в качестве реализации возможности быстрой динамической перепланировки в случае недоступности изначально выбранного пути. Аргументировано понимание интеллектуального планирования пути как эффективной маршрутизации при стратегическом соблюдении условия максимально быстрого достижения цели кратчайшего перемещения в конфликтной навигационной среде. Обоснован феномен кубической В-сплайновой аппроксимации как рациональное средство синтезирования линии пути, поскольку планируемая траектория может быть сгенерирована сегментированным образом для разных вариаций кривизны алгебраической кривой на основе сбалансированного сочетания изогеометрических ограничений при оптимальной расстановке узлов. Изменчивое генерирование сплайновой формы выполнено путем координирования сеточных точек с финитными функциями при интерактивной реализации эффекта сглаживания. Сделан вывод о том, что эвристическое варьирование параметров сглаживания позволяет получать В-сплайны различной геометрической эволюции с возможностью трансформации многозвенной структуры линии движения судна без необходимости формирования принципиально нового маршрута. Ввиду кусочной архитектуры сплайна выдвинута гипотеза устойчивости сплайновых конструкций, когда локальные нарушения математической композиции критически не отражаются на общей задаче моделирования траекторной конфигурации. Отмечается целесообразность применения вариативного моделирования маневренной траектории в режиме реального времени для планирования пути за счет оперативного изгибания кубических В-сплайнов во избежание любых столкновений. В качестве демонстрации практической применимости построения оптимальной конфигурации сплайн-траектории спроектированы в виде последовательных компьютерных скриншотов два различных варианта сплайнового маршрута в режиме реального времени. Актуализирован вопрос обеспечения автоматизированного формирования маршрута с синхронным представлением геометрического компьютерного сопровождения безопасной линии пути вахтенному помощнику, стимулирующему возможность интеллектуальной помощи штурману в использовании стратегии мгновенного принятия согласованного решения по управлению судном за счет обеспечения ситуационной осведомленности. Разработанный алгоритм апробирован в качестве гармонизированной поддержки судоводительскому составу при организации эффективной маршрутизации. Предложено гипотетическое использование сплайнового подхода для расчета траектории морского автономного надводного судна с целью практического формирования концепции безэкипажного судоходства. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The configuration of the spline trajectory with the integration of the sleekness criterion into the optimization of the path when moving a marine mobile object in a given direction, taking into account restrictive navigational obstacles, is considered. The smoothness of the trajectory is investigated as the use of the possibility of avoidance of nogo area due to the organization of variable flexibility of the spline structure as the realization of the possibility of rapid dynamic redevelopment in case of unavailability of the initially chosen path. The understanding of intelligent path planning as effective routing is argued with the strategic compliance of the condition for the fastest possible achievement of the goal of the shortest movement in a conflict navigation environment. The phenomenon of cubic B-spline approximation is substantiated as a rational means of synthesizing a path line, since the planned trajectory can be generated in a segmented manner for different variations of the curvature of an algebraic curve based on a balanced combination of isogeometric constraints with optimal arrangement of nodes. The variable generation of the spline shape is performed by coordinating grid points with finite functions while interactive implementing the smoothing effect. It is concluded that heuristic variation of smoothing parameters makes it possible to obtain B-splines of various geometric evolution with the possibility of transforming the multi-link structure of the ship motion line without the need to form a fundamentally new route. The hypothesis of spline structures stability due to the piecewise architecture of the spline, when local violations of mathematical composition do not critically affect the overall task of modeling the trajectory configuration is put forward. The expediency of using variable simulation of a maneuverable trajectory in real time for path planning due to the operational bending of cubic B-splines in order to avoid any collisions is noted. As a demonstration of the practical applicability of constructing the optimal configuration of the spline trajectory, two different variants of the spline route in real time are designed in the form of sequential computer screenshots. The issue of providing automated route formation with synchronous representation of geometric computer support of a safe way line to the watch assistant, stimulating the possibility of intellectual assistance to the navigator in using the strategy of instantaneous adoption of an agreed decision on ship management by providing situational awareness, is actualized. The developed algorithm has been tested as a harmonized support for the navigation staff in the organization of effective routing. A hypothetical use of a planned approach for calculating the trajectory of a marine autonomous surface vessel in order to practically form the concept of unmanned navigation is proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сплайн-траектория</kwd><kwd>запретный район плавания</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальное планирование пути</kwd><kwd>конфликтная навигационная среда</kwd><kwd>В-сплайновая аппрокимация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spline trajectory</kwd><kwd>no-go area</kwd><kwd>intelligent path planning</kwd><kwd>conflict navigation environment</kwd><kwd>B-spline approximation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васьков А. С. Методы планирования ограждения опасностей для контроля в системах управления движением судна / А. С. Васьков, А. А. Мироненко // Морские интеллектуальные технологии. — 2023. — № 3–1 (61). — С. 110–119. 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