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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2024-16-1-37-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-418</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эксплуатация водного транспорта, водные пути сообщения и гидрография</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Картографирование изоповерхности дополнительных вторичных факторов методом сплайн-аппроксимации как условие повышения точности обсерваций e-Loran</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Map-aiding of the additional secondary factors isosurface by the spline approximation method as a condition of improving the e-Loran observations accuracy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ююкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuyukin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ююкин Игорь Викторович — кандидат технических наук, доцент</p><p>198035, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuyukin, Igor V. — PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uukiniv@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ююкин И.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ююкин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuyukin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/418">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/418</self-uri><abstract><p>Аргументировано предложение в пользу наземной радионавигационной системы e-Loran в качестве альтернативы глобальным навигационным спутниковым системам. Мотивация поиска дублирующего варианта вызвана необходимостью обеспечения надежности позиционирования как предмета противодействия спуфинговым и джамминговым рискам при реализации концепции кибернетической осведомленности на водном транспорте. Гипотетически рассмотрена возможность использования e-Loran на трассе Северного морского пути в качестве резервной навигационной системы. Проанализирован опыт эксплуатации пилотных проектов усовершенствованного Loran в вопросе прогнозируемого потенциала точности позиционирования. Исследован оптимальный способ компенсации системной погрешности геолокации на основе использования дополнительных вторичных факторов. C учетом принципа функционала d-Loran, основанного на сравнении измеренных значений задержки прохождения радиосигнала с опубликованными аналогами для передачи уточнений морским потребителям, определена необходимость применения целостности как критерия доверительной оценки надежности обработки навигационной информации. Выполнен критический анализ результативности попыток применения метода линейной интерполяции для вычисления промежуточных репрезентативных значений задержки прохождения радиосигнала с целью имитационного моделирования карты дополнительных вторичных факторов. Выдвинута гипотеза перспективности синтеза изоповерхности поправок на основе В-сплайновой аппроксимации. Реализован повтор на корректном алгоритмическом уровне южнокорейского эксперимента синтезирования карты дополнительных вторичных факторов с измеренными показателями хронометражной задержки распространения радиосигнала в наносекундах от передающей станции Пхохан. С целью демонстрации практической реализуемости сплайнового алгоритма выполнена компьютерная визуализация картографического фрагмента дополнительных вторичных факторов залива Йонгиль. Выдвинуто предположение о целесообразности трехмерного представления дополнительного вторичного фактора для ситуационного восприятия вахтенным помощником навигации с коррекцией по карте как процесса в альтернативном позиционировании с целью повышения надежности контроля местоположения за счет визуального оценивания правильности использования поправок дифференциального варианта е-Loran. Отмечается перспектива применения разработанного пакета прикладных паскаль-программ с реализациями на мониторах дисплейного типа в качестве интеллектуальной поддержки принятия решений судоводителем при апостериорной оценке точности обсервации за счет наглядности визуального представления поля поправок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The benefit of the Loran ground-based radio navigation system as an alternative to global navigation satellite systems is argued. The motivation of searching for a duplicate variant is caused by the necessity to ensure the reliability of positioning as a subject of countering spoofing and jamming risks when implementing the concept of cybernetic awareness on water transport. Hypothetically, the possibility of using e-Loran on the Northern Sea Route as a backup navigation system is considered. The experience of operating pilot projects of the enhanced Loran in the issue of the predicted potential of positioning accuracy is analyzed. The optimal method of compensation for the system error of geolocation based on the use of additional secondary factors is investigated. Taking into account the principle of the d-Loran functional, based on comparing the measured values of the radio signal passage delay with published analogues for transmitting clarifications to marine consumers, the necessity of using integrity as a criterion for a confidence assessment of the navigation information processing reliability has been determined. A critical analysis of the attempts effectiveness to use the linear interpolation method to calculate intermediate representative values of the delay in the radio signal transmission in order to simulate the map of additional secondary factors is performed. The hypothesis of the prospects for the isosurface corrections synthesis based on B-spline approximation is put forward. The South Korean experiment of synthesizing a chart of additional secondary factors with measured indicators of the radio signal propagation time delay in nanoseconds from the Pohang transmitting station has been repeated at the correct algorithmic level. In order to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the spline algorithm, a computer visualization of a cartographic fragment of additional secondary factors of Yongil Bay is performed. It is suggested that three-dimensional representation of the additional secondary factor for situational perception by the Officer on watch of map-aided correction as a process in alternative positioning in order to increase the reliability of location control through visual evaluation of proper use of corrections of the e-Loran differential variant. The prospect of using the developed package of applied Pascal-programs with implementations on display-type monitors as intellectual support for decision-making by the navigator in a posteriori assessment of the observation accuracy due to the visual representation of the correction field is noted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спуфинг</kwd><kwd>джамминг</kwd><kwd>кибернетическая осведомленность</kwd><kwd>дополнительные вторичные факторы</kwd><kwd>критерий целостности</kwd><kwd>коррекция по карте</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spoofing</kwd><kwd>jamming</kwd><kwd>cybernetic awareness</kwd><kwd>additional secondary factors</kwd><kwd>the criterion of integrity</kwd><kwd>map-aided correction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelgrum W. J. 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