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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2023-15-4-617-632</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА, ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ СООБЩЕНИЯ И ГИДРОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оппортунистическая навигация в аспекте интеграции альтернативного позиционирования и электронного картографирования на основе сплайновой технологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Opportunistic navigation applied to integration of alternative positioning and electronic mapping based on spline technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ююкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuyukin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент198035, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Двинская, 5/7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, associate professor</p><p>5/7 Dvinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 198035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uukiniv@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>617</fpage><lpage>632</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ююкин И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ююкин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yuyukin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/346">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/346</self-uri><abstract><p>Сформулирована проблема уязвимости и локальной недееспособности глобальных систем спутниковой навигации. Выявлена целесообразность применения альтернативных способов позиционирования для создания прецедента высокоточного определения местоположения в среде спутниковой недоступности. Выдвинута гипотеза о невозможности отдельной альтернативы удовлетворить требованиям полной автономии современной навигации при необходимости комплексного решения сценариев геолокации на основе комбинаторики различных технологий. Допущено предположение о преимуществе объединения данных из нескольких источников информации для компенсирования недостатков каждого варианта при прогнозировании повышения общей надежности и точности навигационных параметров. Предложена парадигма оппортунистической навигации с целевой функцией получения информации о местоположении из микширования дополнительных радиочастотных сигналов с одновременной визуализацией сплайновой карты позиционирования для определения местонахождения внутри графического фрагмента. Вычислительным экспериментом доказано, что подход с позиций сплайнфункций расширяет горизонт возможностей концепции оппортунистической навигации от сугубо технической синергетики ландшафта «сигналов возможностей» до создания перспективной системы позиционирования при помощи эффективного электронного картографирования. Определено, что точность позиционирования навигационных систем практически необходима для построения оптимальной траектории для безопасной маршрутизации судна. Акцентировано внимание на понимании оптимальности траектории как стратегии многоходового планирования в рамках парадигмы «отступающий горизонт» с обязательным условием достижимости подвижным объектом путевой точки с заданной пользователем вероятностью. Отмечается, что моделирование оптимальных траекторий реализуется методом, аналогичным технологии интерполирования навигационных изолиний на основе композиции В-сплайна с обеспечением сохранения атрибутивным параметром одинакового значения в каждой геометрической точке, как результат анализа пространственной анизотропии исходных данных. Апробировано синтезирование трехмерного спрединга аномалий магнитной карты для создания эталона картографирования на основе гибридного алгоритма аппроксимации как реализация способа компьютерного рендеринга навигационной изоповерхности. Интерпретирован постулат повышения потенциала высокоточной локализации положения любого мобильного объекта в пространстве при условии применения на практике онтологии оппортунистической навигации как реализации ситуационной осведомленности о взаимозависимых технических системах с целью максимального обеспечения надежности обсервации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of vulnerability and local incapacity of global satellite navigation systems is formulated. The expediency of alternative positioning methods to create a precedent for high-precision location determination in the satellitedenied environment is revealed. The hypothesis about the impossibility of a separate alternative to meet the requirements of full autonomy of modern navigation when it is necessary to comprehensively solve geolocation scenarios based on the combinatorics of various technologies is put forward. An assumption about the probable advantage of combining data from several information sources to compensate for the disadvantages of each option when predicting an increase in the overall reliability and accuracy of navigation parameters is made. An opportunistic navigation paradigm with the objective function of obtaining location information from mixing additional radio frequency signals with simultaneous visualization of a spline positioning map to determine the location inside a graphic fragment is proposed. The confidence that the approach from the standpoint of spline functions expands the horizon of possibilities of the concept of opportunistic navigation from the purely technical synergetics of the landscape of «signals of opportunity» to the creation of a perspective positioning system using effective electronic mapping is expressed. It is determined that the positioning accuracy of navigation systems is practically necessary to build an optimal trajectory for the safe routing of the vessel. Attention is focused on understanding the optimality of the trajectory as a multi-way planning strategy within the framework of the «receding horizon» paradigm with the obligatory condition that a waypoint with a user-defined probability is achievable by a moving object. It is noted that the modeling of optimal trajectories is implemented by a method similar to the technology of interpolation of navigation contours based on the composition of a B-spline with the provision of an attribute parameter to maintain the same value at each point as a result of the analysis of the spatial anisotropy of the source data. The synthesis of threedimensional spreading of magnetic map anomalies has been tested to create a mapping standard based on a hybrid approximation algorithm as an implementation of a method for computer rendering a geometric primitive of a function of two variables. The postulate of increasing the potential of high-precision localization of the position of any mobile object in space is interpreted, provided that the ontology of opportunistic navigation is applied in practice as the realization of situational awareness of interdependent technical systems in order to maximize the reliability of observation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>среда спутниковой недоступности</kwd><kwd>оппортунистическая навигация</kwd><kwd>техническая синергетика</kwd><kwd>сигналы возможностей</kwd><kwd>отступающий горизонт</kwd><kwd>пространственная анизотропия</kwd><kwd>компьютерный рендеринг</kwd><kwd>ситуационная осведомленность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>satellite-denied environment</kwd><kwd>opportunistic navigation</kwd><kwd>technical synergetics</kwd><kwd>“signals of opportunity”</kwd><kwd>“receding horizon”</kwd><kwd>spatial anisotropy</kwd><kwd>computer rendering</kwd><kwd>situational awareness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H. 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