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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2022-14-3-327-335</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-203</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА, ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ СООБЩЕНИЯ И ГИДРОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ЗАДАЧИ АНАЛИЗА ПРОПУСКНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ МОРСКИХ ПОРТОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA PORTS THROUGHPUT ASSESSMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Александр Львович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">thunder1950@yandex.ru. kuznetsoval@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kirichenkoav@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Роман Вячеславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kuznecovrv@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>327</fpage><lpage>335</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецов А.Л., Кириченко А.В., Кузнецов Р.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов А.Л., Кириченко А.В., Кузнецов Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov A.L., Kirichenko A.V., Kuznetsov R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/203">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/203</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследована система морской транспортировки грузов, являющаяся элементом инфраструктуры мировой глобальной системы торговли. Отмечается, что резкие скачки ее развития обусловлены как сменой технологической системы (перехода от паруса на пар, появление стального набора и корпуса, контейнеризация, внедрение цифровизации и др.), так и социальными условиями (например, отказ от вместимости, ограниченной «риском приемлемых потерь» после мировых войн, прекращение «холодной войны», снижение напряженности локальных конфликтов и т. д.). При этом социальные факторы могут не только играть положительную роль в развитии, но и носить деструктивный характер, проявляясь в форме кризисов разной природы и масштаба. Сложность и масштаб сформировавшейся к XXI в. глобальной системы показали ее склонность к «калейдоскопическим эффектам» при различного рода потрясениях, причем в полной мере эта чувствительность проявилась после пандемии и событий на Украине. Представляется нереальным ожидать не только быстрого восстановления рухнувшей мировой системы морских и наземных перевозок, но даже сохранения ее структуры. Подчеркивается, что в очень сложном положении оказались ключевые элементы указанной инфраструктуры - морские порты. Отмечается, что порты столкнулись с проблемой потери грузопотоков и возникшего избытка мощностей, малые порты испытывают иные сложности: «выдавленные» на периферию бизнеса остаточные грузопотоки оказались слишком велики для имеющихся ресурсов. В обоих случаях изменение внешней коммерческой среды и маршрутов грузопотоков ставит перед портами задачу нахождения нового баланса между потенциальными грузопотоками и имеющимися ресурсами. В данном исследовании предлагается возможное решение указанной задачи на основе методов смешанного целочисленного линейного программирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The sea transportation system, which in turn forms the basis of the global trade system, has been developing during the whole history of human civilization. The abrupt leaps in this steady development were caused both by the changes of technological paradigms (e. g. by the shift from sail to steam, appearance of steel framing and hull shells, containerization, digitalization etc.) and social reasons (abandon of the acceptable losses strategy after world wars, end of cold war, relaxation of the international tension and war conflicts etc.). Unfortunately, the social factors can not only push forward the development, but also have destructive character, manifesting themselves as crises of different scales and natures. The complexity and the scope of the global transportation system that has developed by the XXI century have already shown the tendency to kaleidoscopic changing of its states under small shocks. In full scale this sensitivity has developed after COVID-19 and Ukraine affairs. It seems unreal to expect not only quick revival of the collapsed world system of sea and land transportation, but even preservation of its structure. Consequently, the key elements of the transport infrastructure, i. e. sea port, found themselves in a very serious situation. Major ports have faced a problem of cargo flows deterioration and relevant redundancy of their capacity; minor ports have discovered the opposite problem, namely, the residual cargo flows squeezed on the periphery of business areal turned out to be too large for the existing facilities and resources. In both cases the changes in external commercial environment and relevant route patterns set for the ports a task of finding a new balance between potential cargo flows and existing resources. A decision of this problem by the methods of mixed integer linear programming is described in the paper.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>морские порты</kwd><kwd>пропускная способность</kwd><kwd>линейное программирование</kwd><kwd>многокритериальная оптимизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>seaports</kwd><kwd>throughput</kwd><kwd>linear programming</kwd><kwd>multiobjective optimization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuong T. N. Seaport throughput forecasting and post COVID-19 recovery policy by using effective decision-making strategy: A case study of Vietnam ports / T. N. Cuong, H. S. Kim, S. S. You, D. A. Nguyen // Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering. - 2022. - Vol. 168. - Pp. 108102. DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuong T. N. 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