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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gumrf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета морского и речного флота имени адмирала С. О. Макарова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-5180</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0551</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «Государственный университет морского и речного флота имени адмирала С.О. Макарова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21821/2309-5180-2021-13-4-480-495</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gumrf-140</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА, ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ СООБЩЕНИЯ И ГИДРОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATION OF WATER TRANSPORT, WATERWAYS AND HYDROGRAPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОБЗОР СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИХ МЕТОДОВ РАСХОЖДЕНИЯ БЕЗЭКИПАЖНЫХ СУДОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>OVERVIEW OF EXISTING METHODS OF AUTONOMOUS VESSELS COLLISION AVOIDANCE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Триполец</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tripolets</surname><given-names>O. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tripolets.97@mail.ru. kaf_nav@gumrf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ГУМРФ имени адмирала С. О. Макарова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>480</fpage><lpage>495</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Триполец О.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Триполец О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tripolets O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/140">https://journal.gumrf.ru/jour/article/view/140</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе выполнен обзор различных методов расхождения безэкипажных судов, реализованных российскими и зарубежными специалистами. Авторы рассмотренных исследований для расхождения безэкипажных судов предлагают использование различных методов, среди которых методы искусственных потенциальных полей, методы оптимизации муравьиной колонии, подход скоростных препятствий, интервальное программирование, нечеткая логика, алгоритмы оптимального взаимного предотвращения столкновений, нейронные сети с различными методами оптимизации, комбинированные алгоритмы. Учет гидродинамических характеристик судна, соблюдение «Международных правил предупреждения столкновения судов в море» (МППСС-72) и обход статических препятствий рассматриваются не во всех исследованиях. В некоторых работах рассмотрены лишь ситуации расхождения двух судов, и кроме того, не все подходы позволяют использовать маневры скоростью. Обращается внимание, что во всех рассмотренных публикациях учет ветра, течений и морского волнения отсутствует. Многие из представленных исследований имеют результаты симуляций в компьютерной среде, но лишь в единичных случаях содержатсяданные о проведении натурных испытаний. Рассмотренные исследования разделены на три группы: подходы, рассматривающие расхождение со статическими и динамическими препятствиями, подходы, рассматривающие автоматизированное расхождение двух судов, и подходы, рассматривающие расхождение с группой судов. Составлена сводная таблица для наглядного сравнения приведенных методов. Отмечается, что целью дальнейших разработок в области беспилотных технологий должно явиться совершенствование уже существующих алгоритмов, устранение имеющихся недостатков и дополнение существующих алгоритмов для решения всего комплекса задач.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Collision avoidance is vital for safety of navigation at sea. At first scientists aimed at developing navigational assistance systems for supporting human operators in collision prevention and enhancing situational awareness. Nowadays the development of unmanned systems has gained appreciable amount of attention. The main purpose of modern researches is to solve collision avoidance problems. An overview of collision avoidance methods proposed by Russian and foreign researchers is offered iт the paper. The authors offer different techniques for solving the collision avoidance problem, namely, Artificial Potential Fields, Ant Colony Optimisation, Velocity Obstacles and Velocity Resolution Method, Interval Programming, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks with different optimisation methods, Optimal Reciprocal Collision Avoidance, combined algorithms. However, some of the articles do not take into account using ship motion models, complying with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea and collision avoidance with static objects. Some approaches consider only two-vessels collision avoidance, not all of them are capable of using engine maneuvers. Currents, tides, winds and seas are not considered in any method described in this paper. Many researches have simulation results carried out in computer-based systems, but only a few have results of natural trials. The reviewed researches are divided into three groups: approaches considering avoidance of static and dynamic objects, approaches considering collision avoidance in two-ship encounter situations and approaches considering multi-ship encounter situations. It is noted that the purpose of further researches will be developing the existing approaches, elimination of their deficiencies and supplementing them in order to solve the whole complex of existing problems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>безэкипажное судовождение</kwd><kwd>автономные суда</kwd><kwd>предотвращение столкновений</kwd><kwd>расхождение морских судов</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>безэкипажные суда</kwd><kwd>безэкипажные надводные суда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autonomous navigation</kwd><kwd>unmanned vessel</kwd><kwd>collision avoidance</kwd><kwd>collision prevention</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>USV</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chauvin C. Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: Analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS / C. Chauvin, S. Lardjane, G. Morel, J. P. 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